Borrowings in modern english

The English language has a long history of borrowing words from other languages. These “ borrowings” can usually be traced back to specific periods in history. The word that is borrowed is called a borrowing , a borrowed wor or a loanword. English loan words have been borrowed directly from Arabic or indirectly by passing from Arabic into other languages and later into English. English is aGermanic Language of the Indo-germanic Family.

It is the2nd most spoken linguistic communication in the universe.

The influence of Latin in English, therefore, is primarily lexical in nature, being confined mainly to words derived from Latin roots. The earliest Latin loanwords date from the period before the Germanic tribes invaded England under invite from the Britons. The words borrowed during this phase are found in many areas. English history is very rich in different types of contacts with other countries, that is why it is very rich in borrowings. The Roman invasion, the adoption of Cristianity, Scandinavian and Norman conquests of the British Isles, the development of British colonialism and trade and cultural relations served to increase immensely the English vocabulary.

In Early Modern English the largest expansion of vocabulary was through word-formation processes and borrowing: mainly from Latin (perfect, logic) and French (elegant, decision), but also from other languages, such as Greek (theology, trilogy), Italian (opera, balcony), Spanish and Portuguese (alcohol, alligator). Loan Words in Modern English and Their Features ZHOU Li-na China Youth University of Political Studies, Beijing, China English language, as a global language, is exerting greater influence on the world. An impоrtant distinctive feature оf any language is that its wоrd-stоck may be subdivided intо twо main sets.

The elements оf оne are native, it cоnsists оf оrigin wоrds, the elements оf the оther set are bоrrоwed (lоaned) frоm оther languages.

Influence on English phrasing. Aside from borrowing and word formation, Gallic well influenced English phrasing. English today may, for once, be more of a lender than a borrower.

When two languages are spoken “side by side”, frequently transference of words from one language to another is inevitable. French influence on Middle English occurred gradually. And from the enormous number of French words which came into the language, about ¾ of them are still used today.

Classical borrowings continue to appear in Modern English as well. Mostly they are words formed with the help of Latin and Greek morphemes. There are quite a lot of them in medicine (appendicitis, aspirin), in chemistry (aci valency, alkali), in technique (engine, antenna, biplane, airdrome), in politics (socialism, militarism), names of sciences (zoology, physics).

The borrowings in English language The borrowing process as the reflection of cultural contacts. The impact of historical events on the development of English vocabulary. That leaves only of English words that are actually English! The role of English language in a global world. The historical backgroun main periods of borrowings in the Middle and Modern English language.

The functioning of French borrowings in the field of fashion, foo clothes in Middle and Modern English. The majority of borrowings are in the sphere of termi­nology ( ). The process of borrowing from German began in the XVI century in connection with the establishment. Occasionally, (2) the vowel of a word helps to determine the origin.

Some examples of borrowed words are aye, nay, hale, reindeer and swain.